Risk Stratification Models in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Clinical Utility, Predictive Accuracy, and Future Directions

doi:N/A

Bangaldesh Journal of Cardivascular Medicine

2024, Volume 2, Issue 2 : 1-4

Research Article

Risk Stratification Models in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Clinical Utility, Predictive Accuracy, and Future Directions

Ahmed R. Hassan

Sophia L. Bennett

Michael J. Carter

Emily K. Thompson

⁴

Department of Cardiology, Global Heart Institute, London, United Kingdom

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, European Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany

Department of Internal Medicine and Interventional Cardiology, International Medical University, Singapore

⁴

Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, New York, USA

Abstract

Abstract

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite significant advances in diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and revascularization strategies. Early risk assessment is essential for guiding treatment decisions, optimizing resource allocation, and improving patient outcomes. Risk stratification models provide clinicians with standardized tools to estimate short- and long-term risks of mortality, recurrent ischemic events, bleeding complications, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Several validated scoring systems, including the GRACE, TIMI, PURSUIT, HEART, and CRUSADE scores, have become integral components of contemporary ACS management. This review examines the development, validation, strengths, limitations, and clinical applications of major ACS risk stratification models. Additionally, emerging approaches involving artificial intelligence, machine learning, biomarker integration, and precision medicine are discussed. An Integrated ACS Risk Assessment Framework (IARAF) is proposed to support individualized patient management and improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Risk Stratification

GRACE Score

TIMI Score

HEART Score

Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

Myocardial Infarction

Clinical Decision-Making

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.

Bangladesh J. Cardiovasc. Med. open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.

Recommended Articles

Coronary Thrombus Burden and Clinical Outcomes in STEMI

Olivia Bennett,

Michael Harrison,

Sarah Reynolds

1-3

Rotational Atherectomy in Heavily Calcified Coronary Lesions: Clinical Outcomes, Procedural Strategies, and Contemporary Perspectives

Michael Anderson,

Sarah Williams,

David Chen,

Priya Sharma,

Ahmed Hassan